Umngundo omnyama(igama lenzululwazi: Auricularia auricula (Le.ex Hook.) Underw), ekwaziwa njenge-wood ear, i-wood moth, i-Dingyang, ikhowa lomthi, indlebe yomthi olula, indlebe yomthi ocolekileyo kunye nendlebe yamafu, yi-saprophytic fungus ekhula kwimithi ebolileyo. . I-fungus emnyama imile njengegqabi okanye iphantse ifane nehlathi, inamacangca angama-wavy, incinci, i-2 ukuya kwi-6 cm ububanzi, malunga ne-2 mm ubukhulu, kwaye igxininiswe kwi-substrate enesiqu esifutshane esisecaleni okanye isiseko esincinci. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ithambile kwaye i-colloid, incangathi kwaye i-elastic, kwaye emva koko i-cartilaginous. Emva kokoma, ishwabana ngamandla kwaye ibemnyama, iqine kwaye ibenophondo olurhabaxa luphantse lube lufele. Umda wangaphandle womqolo umile okwe-arc, umfusa-omdaka ukuya kumnyama oluhlaza-grey, kwaye ugqunywe kancinci ngeenwele ezimfutshane.
Imimandla enemozulu epholileyo yoMntla-mpuma weAsia, ngakumbi umntla weTshayina, zezona ndawo zihlala endleumngundo omnyama. Kwimimandla epholileyo yaseMntla Melika naseOstreliya, umngundo omnyama unqabile kwaye ufumaneka kuphela kumzantsi-mpuma weOstreliya. I-Elderberry kunye ne-oki ziindawo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo zomngundo omnyama kwiYurophu epholileyo, kodwa inani linqabile.
I-China yidolophu yokuzalwaumngundo omnyama. Isizwe saseTshayina saqaphela kwaye savelisa ukungunda okumnyama kwangexesha le-Shennong ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-4,000 eyadlulayo, kwaye saqala ukuyilima nokuyitya. I "Book of Rites" iphinda irekhode ukusetyenziswa kwefungus ezimnyama kwiidili zasebukhosini. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwesayensi yanamhlanje, umxholo weprotheyini, iivithamini kunye nentsimbi kwifungus emnyama eyomileyo iphezulu kakhulu. Iprotheni yayo iqulethe iindidi ze-amino acids, ngakumbi i-lysine kunye ne-leucine. Umngundo omnyama awukona nje ukutya, kodwa unokusetyenziswa njengeyeza lemveli laseTshayina. Sesinye sezityalo zokuqala ezibalulekileyo ezenza umngundo wamayeza esintu. Ineziphumo ezininzi zonyango ezifana nokuzalisa i-qi kunye negazi, ukuthambisa imiphunga kunye nokukhulula ukukhwehlela, kunye nokuyeka ukopha.
Umngundo omnyamangokwesiko kulinywa kwizigodo. Emva kophuhliso oluyimpumelelo lokulinywa endaweni yee-1980s ekupheleni, ukulima endaweni yokulima ibe yeyona ndlela yokulima kumngundo omnyama.
Umngundo omnyamainkqubo yokulima Ukulinywa komngundo omnyama kunenkqubo echanekileyo kakhulu, phakathi kwayo eyona miba yimiba ilandelayo:
Ukukhethwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwebala lendlebe
Ukukhethwa kwentsimi yeendlebe, iimeko eziphambili zihamba kakuhle komoya kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, ukukhupha okulula kunye nokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokugcina kude nemithombo yokungcola. Xa usakha intsimi yeendlebe, kubalulekile ukukhetha ucingo lwentsimbi kwisakhelo sebhedi, olunokugcina izinto eziluhlaza, luphucule ukungena komoya kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya, kwaye lunokuphinda lusetyenziswe. Ukutshiza kwamanzi kwenziwa ikakhulu ngonyango oluphezulu, olunokwenza umphumo wokutshiza amanzi ufanane kwaye ugcine imithombo yamanzi. Izixhobo zokutshiza ngamanzi kufuneka zilungiswe phambi kokuba kwakhiwe intsimi.
Ukuxuba izinto
Izinto ezixutywayo zefungus ezimnyama zidibanisa ngokulinganayo izithako eziphambili, i-calcium carbonate kunye ne-bran, kwaye emva koko ulungelelanise umxholo wamanzi malunga ne-50%.
Bagging
Isikhwama sesikhwama sinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-polyethylene, kunye neenkcukacha ze-14.7m×53cm×0.05cm. Ingxowa kufuneka ixinene ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kokuziva ithambile, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, qinisekisa ukuba ingxowa nganye yenkcubeko yenkcubeko imalunga ne-1.5kg.
Ukutofa
Ngaphambi kweli nyathelo, umkhusane weshedi yenkcubeko kufuneka uthotywe. Emva koko, nikela ingqalelo kwi-disinfecting ibhokisi ye-inoculation. Ixesha lokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka lilawulwe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seyure. Inaliti ye-inoculation kunye nomkhono kufuneka uhlambuluke kwaye uvelele elangeni, uze uhlanjululwe nge-disinfected kwaye uhlanjululwe ngotywala. Uxinzelelo lunokuthi lufakwe malunga namaxesha angama-300 e-carbendazim malunga nemizuzu emi-5. Emva koko, inokomiswa elangeni. Abasebenzi be-inoculation kufuneka bahlambe izandla zabo ngotywala, baze bomise kwibhokisi yokutofa.
Ukulima umngundo
Kwinkqubo yokukhulaumngundo omnyama, eli khonkco libalulekile. Ulawulo lwefungus lungundoqo ekukhuliseni umngundo omnyama. Ikakhulu malunga nokulawula ubushushu kwi-greenhouse ngokufanelekileyo, ehambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokusinda kwe-mycelium. Ngoko ke, ulawulo olungqongqo kufuneka lunikwe ingqalelo, kwaye ubushushu kufuneka buhlangabezane nemigangatho yangempela. Ngokumalunga nokubekwa kwe-mycelium, iintonga ze-mushroom kufuneka zifakwe kwimfumba "echanekileyo" emva kokugonywa. Ukuze kufakwe i-inoculation ye-mushroom enemingxuma emithathu kunye nemingxuma emine, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isilonda sibekwe phezulu. Isiva sokugonywa kweendlela ezimbini kufuneka sijongane namacala omabini. I-stack imalunga ne-7 imigangatho ephezulu. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, nikela ingqalelo kunyango lwe-shading yecala le-inoculation port ukuphepha amanzi aphuzi.
Ukwakhiwa kwesondlo
Umngundo omnyamaayigudi kwaye imnandi kuphela, kodwa ikwatyebile kwisondlo. Iyalonwabela igama elithi "inyama phakathi kwabatya imifuno" kunye "nokumkani wemifuno". Yitonic eyaziwayo. Ngokutsho kophando olufanelekileyo kunye nohlalutyo, yonke i-100g yefungus entsha iqulethe i-10.6g yeprotheni, i-0.2g yamafutha, i-65.5g ye-carbohydrates, i-7g ye-cellulose, kunye neevithamini ezininzi kunye neemaminerali ezifana ne-thiamine, i-riboflavin, i-niacin, i-carotene, i-calcium, i-phosphorus. , kunye nentsimbi. Phakathi kwazo, intsimbi yeyona ininzi. Yonke i-100g ye-fungus entsha iqulethe i-185mg yesinyithi, engaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-20 aphezulu kune-celery, enomxholo ophezulu wentsimbi phakathi kwemifuno enamagqabi, kwaye phantse amaxesha angama-7 aphezulu ngaphezu kwesibindi sengulube, enomxholo ophezulu wesinyithi phakathi kokutya kwezilwanyana. Ke ngoko, yaziwa ngokuba "yintshatsheli yentsimbi" phakathi kokutya. Ukongezelela, iprotheni yefungus emnyama iqulethe iindidi ze-amino acids, kuquka i-lysine, i-leucine kunye nezinye i-amino acids ezibalulekileyo kumzimba womntu, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-biological. I-fungus emnyama yi-fungus ye-colloid, equkethe inani elikhulu le-colloid, enefuthe elihle lokuthambisa kwindlela yokugaya umntu, inokuphelisa ukutya okushiyekileyo kunye nezinto ezingenakudliwa yi-fibrous esiswini kunye namathumbu, kwaye ibe nefuthe lokunyibilika kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana iintsalela zomthi kunye nothuli lwesanti olutyiwa ngempazamo. Ngoko ke, lukhetho lokuqala lokutya okunempilo kwi-cotton spinners kunye nabo basebenza kwimigodi, uthuli kunye nokukhusela indlela. Iiphospholipids ezikwifungus ezimnyama zizondlo zeeseli zobuchopho bomntu kunye neeseli zemithambo-luvo, kwaye ziyinto esebenzayo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi yobuchopho tonic kulutsha kunye nabasebenzi bengqondo.
Qhagamshelana:
I-Beijing Shipuller Co., Ltd
WhatsApp: +86 18311006102
umthombo: https://www.yumartfood.com/
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-19-2024