Intshayelelo kwixabiso lesondlo kunye neyeza le-Black Fungus

Isikhunta esimnyama(igama lesayensi: Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) Underw), ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-wood ear, i-wood moth, i-Dingyang, i-tree mushroom, i-light wood ear, i-fine wood ear kunye ne-cloud ear, yi-saprophytic fungus ekhula kumthi obolileyo. I-black fungus imile okwegqabi okanye iphantse yafana nehlathi, inemiphetho egobileyo, ibhityile, ububanzi buyi-2 ukuya kwi-6 cm, malunga ne-2 mm ubukhulu, kwaye inamathele kwi-substrate ngesiqu esifutshane esisecaleni okanye isiseko esincinci. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ithambile kwaye i-colloid, inamathela kwaye iyanwebeka, kwaye emva koko i-cartilaginous kancinci. Emva kokoma, iyancipha kakhulu kwaye ibe mnyama, iqine kwaye iqhekeke njengeempondo ukuya phantse njengesikhumba. Umphetho wangaphandle womqolo umile okwe-arc, umfusa-mdaka ukuya kumnyama okwesibhakabhaka-grey, kwaye ugqunywe kancinci ziinwele ezimfutshane.

Iindawo ezishushu zaseMantla-mpuma Asia, ingakumbi emantla eTshayina, zezona ndawo ziphambili zokuhlala izilwanyana zasendleisikhunta esimnyamaKwimimandla eshushu yaseMntla Melika naseOstreliya, ifungus emnyama ayifumaneki lula kwaye ifumaneka kuphela kumzantsi-mpuma weOstreliya. I-Elderberry kunye ne-oki ziindawo ezixhaphakileyo zefungus emnyama eYurophu eshushu, kodwa eli nani linqabile.

I-China yindawo yakowaboisikhunta esimnyama. Isizwe saseTshayina saqaphela saza saphuhlisa ifungus emnyama kwangexesha laseShennong kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-4,000 eyadlulayo, saza saqala ukuyilima nokuyitya. "Incwadi yeeRites" ikwabhala ngokutyiwa kwefungus emnyama kwiindibano zasebukhosini. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwesayensi lwanamhlanje, umxholo weproteni, iivithamini kunye nesinyithi kwifungus emnyama eyomileyo uphezulu kakhulu. Iproteni yayo inee-amino acid ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi i-lysine kunye ne-leucine. Ifungus emnyama ayikokutya nje kuphela, kodwa ingasetyenziswa njengeyeza lemveli laseTshayina. Yenye yezityalo zokuqala ezibalulekileyo ezenza ifungus yemveli yaseTshayina. Ineziphumo ezininzi zonyango ezifana nokugcwalisa i-qi kunye negazi, ukufumisa imiphunga kunye nokunciphisa ukukhwehlela, kunye nokuyeka ukopha.

Isikhunta esimnyamaityalwa ngokwesiko kwiinkuni. Emva kophuhliso oluphumeleleyo lokulima endaweni enye ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, ukulima endaweni yenye kuye kwaba yindlela ephambili yokulima ifungus emnyama.

 

Isikhunta esimnyamaInkqubo yokulima Ukulima i-black fungus kunenkqubo echanekileyo kakhulu, phakathi kwayo ezona zinto zilandelayo ziphambili:

Ukukhethwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwentsimi yendlebe

Xa kukhethwa intsimi yendlebe, iimeko eziphambili kukungenisa umoya okuhle kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, ukuhambisa amanzi ngokulula kunye nokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokugcina kude nemithombo yongcoliseko. Xa kusakhiwa intsimi yendlebe, kubalulekile ukukhetha ucingo lwentsimbi kwifreyimu yebhedi, olunokonga izinto eziluhlaza, luphucule umoya kunye nokudluliselwa kokukhanya, kwaye lunokuphinda lusetyenziswe. Ukutshiza ngamanzi kwenziwa ikakhulu ngonyango oluphezulu, olunokwenza isiphumo sokutshiza amanzi sifane ngakumbi kwaye konge imithombo yamanzi. Izixhobo zokutshiza amanzi kufuneka zilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe intsimi.

Izinto zokuxuba

Izinto zokuxuba i-black fungus kukuxuba ngokulinganayo izithako eziphambili, i-calcium carbonate kunye ne-bran, uze ulungise umxholo wamanzi ube malunga ne-50%.

Ukufaka iingxowa

Izinto zengxowa zenziwe ngepolyethylene enoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye kufuneka zibe yi-14.7m×53cm×0.05cm. Ingxowa kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kokuba ithambile, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, qinisekisa ukuba ingxowa nganye yesixhobo sokukhulisa ikhula malunga ne-1.5kg.

Ukugonyelwa

Ngaphambi kweli nyathelo, ikhethini yeshedi yokukhulisa kufuneka yehliswe. Emva koko, qaphela ukubulala iintsholongwane kwibhokisi yokugonya. Ixesha lokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka lilawulwe ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seyure. Inaliti yokugonya kunye nomkhono kufuneka zicocwe kwaye zibekwe elangeni, emva koko zicocwe kwaye zihlanjwe ngotywala. Uxinzelelo lunokuntywiliselwa kwi-carbendazim malunga nezihlandlo ezingama-300 malunga nemizuzu emi-5. Emva koko, ingomiswa elangeni. Abasebenzi bokugonya kufuneka bahlambe izandla zabo ngotywala, baze bazomise kwibhokisi yokugonya.

 

Ukulima iifungi

Kwinkqubo yokukhulaisikhunta esimnyama, le khonkco ibalulekile. Ulawulo lwefungus yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekukhuliseni ifungus emnyama. Imalunga nokulawula ubushushu kwindawo eluhlaza ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo enxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusinda kwe-mycelium. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye ubushushu kufuneka buhlangabezane nemigangatho yokwenyani. Ngokuphathelele ukubekwa kwe-mycelium, iintonga ze-mushroom kufuneka zibekwe kwinqwaba "ethe tye" emva kokugonywa. Ukuze kugonywe iintonga ze-mushroom enye ezinemingxuma emithathu kunye nemingxuma emine, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inxeba libekwe phezulu. Inxeba le-inculation eneendlela ezimbini kufuneka lijonge kumacala omabini. I-stack imalunga neengqimba ezi-7 ukuphakama. Kumaleko ophezulu, qwalasela unyango lomthunzi wecala le-inculation port ukuze kuthintelwe amanzi atyheli.