Izinti zokutshizaziintonga ezimbini ezifanayo ezisetyenziselwa ukutya. Zaqala ukusetyenziswa eTshayina zaza zaziswa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Izinti zokugquma zithathwa njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseTshayina kwaye zidume ngokuba "yiMpucuko yaseMpuma."
Nazi izinto ezisixhenxe ekufuneka uzazi malunga nezinti zokutshiza zaseTshayina.
1. Zaqalwa nini izinti zokutshiza?
Ngaphambi kokuyilwa kweizinti zokutshiza, AmaTshayina ayesebenzisa izandla zawo ukutya. AmaTshayina aqala ukusebenzisaizinti zokutshizaKwiminyaka emalunga nama-3,000 eyadlulayo kwiShang Dynasty (malunga nenkulungwane ye-16 ukuya kweye-11 BC). Ngokutsho kwe "Records of the Grand Historian," ukumkani waseZhou, ukumkani wokugqibela weShang Dynasty wayesele esebenzisa izinti zendlovu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iTshayina ineminyaka engama-3,000 yembali. Ngexesha le-Pre-Qin (ngaphambi kowama-221 BC), izinti ze-chopstick zazibizwa ngokuba yi "Jia", kwaye ngexesha le-Qin (221-206 BC) kunye neHan (206 BC-AD 220) zazibizwa ngokuba yi "Zhu". Ngenxa yokuba igama elithi "Zhu" linesandi esifanayo nelithi "stop" ngesiTshayina, eliligama elingathandekiyo, abantu baqala ukulibiza ngokuba yi "Kuai", elithetha "fast" ngesiTshayina. Le yimvelaphi yegama lanamhlanje lezinti ze-chopstick zesiTshayina.
2. Ngubani owayilaizinti zokutshiza?
Iingxelo zokusebenzisa i-chopstick zifunyenwe kwiincwadi ezininzi ezibhaliweyo kodwa azinabo ubungqina obuphathekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amabali amaninzi malunga nokuveliswa kwezinti. Omnye uthi uJiang Ziya, ingcali yomkhosi wamandulo waseTshayina wadala izinti emva kokuphefumlelwa yintaka eyintsomi. Omnye uthi uDaji, iqabane elithandwayo lokumkani waseZhou, wasungula izinti zokugquma ukuze akholise ukumkani. Kukho enye intsomi yokuba uYu Omkhulu, umlawuli odumileyo eTshayina yamandulo, wasebenzisa izinti ukukha ukutya okushushu ukuze onge ixesha lokulawula izikhukula. Kodwa akukho ngxelo ichanekileyo yembali malunga nokuba ngubani owayilaizinti zokutshiza; siyazi kuphela ukuba umntu othile okrelekrele waseTshayina wamandulo wasungula izinti zokutshiza.
3. Zithiniizinti zokutshizayenziwe nge?
Izinti zokutshiza zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-bamboo, umthi, iplastiki, i-porcelain, isilivere, ibronze, i-ivory, i-jade, ithambo kunye nelitye.Izinti zomqalozisetyenziswa kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu baseTshayina.
4. Indlela yokusebenzisaizinti zokutshiza?
Ukusebenzisa izinti ezimbini ezincinci ukuqokelela ukutya akunzima. Ungakwenza oko logama nje uzinika ixesha lokuziqhelanisa. Abantu abaninzi bamanye amazwe eTshayina bayazi kakuhle ukusebenzisa izinti njengaba bantu basekuhlaleni. Isitshixo sokusebenzisa izinti kukugcina enye isitya sikwindawo yayo ngelixa ujika enye xa uqokelela ukutya. Emva kokuziqhelanisa kancinci, uya kwazi ukutya ngeizinti zokutshizangokukhawuleza kakhulu.
5. Imbeko ye-Chopsticks
Izinti zokutshizaZihlala zibanjwa ngesandla sasekunene kodwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukhululeke kangakanani ukuba usebenzisa isandla sasekhohlo. Ukudlala ngezinti zokukhetha ukutya kuthathwa njengokuziphatha okubi. Kuyimbeko kwaye kucingelwa kakuhle ukuphakela abantu abadala nabantwana ukutya. Xa besitya nabantu abadala, abantu baseTshayina badla ngokuvumela abantu abadala ukuba baphakele izinti zokukhetha ukutya ngaphambi kokuba bathathe omnye umntu. Rhoqo, umamkeli-ndwendwe onenkathalo udlulisela isiqwenga sokutya kwisitya sokuphakela ukuya kwisitya somtyeleli. Akukho mbeko ukucofa izinti zokukhetha ukutya emaphethelweni esitya sakho, kuba eTshayina yamandulo abantu abacela ukutya babesoloko besisebenzisa ukutsala ingqalelo.
6. Ifilosofi yezinti zokutshiza
Isazi sefilosofi saseTshayina uConfucius (551-479BC) wacebisa abantu ukuba basebenziseizinti zokutshizaendaweni yeemela, kuba iimela zesinyithi zikhumbuza abantu ngezixhobo ezibandayo, nto leyo ethetha ukubulala nobundlobongela. Wacebisa ukuba kuthintelwe iimela etafileni yokutyela kunye nokusebenzisa izinti zomthi.
7. Izinti zokusika zaziswa nini kwamanye amazwe?
Izinti zokutshizazaziswa kwamanye amazwe amaninzi angabamelwane ngenxa yokukhanya kwawo nokulula kwawo.Izinti zokutshizazaziswa kwi-peninsula yaseKorea zivela eTshayina kwiHan Dynasty zaza zanda zaya kufikelela kulo lonke i-peninsula malunga no-AD 600. Izinti zokugquma zaziswa eJapan yimonki yamaBhuda egama linguKonghai evela kwiTang Dynasty yaseTshayina (618-907). UKinghai wakha wathi ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe wobuvangeli "Abo basebenzisa izinti zokugquma baya kusindiswa", kwaye ke ngokoizinti zokutshizayasasazeka eJapan kungekudala emva koko. Emva kobukhosi bukaMing (1368-1644) nobukaQing (1644-1911), izinti zokutya zaziswa eMalaysia, eSingapore, nakwamanye amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-01-2024